The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease



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Chapter 36 (page 180)


Chapter 36

Sessile Polyps in the Sphincteric Cylinder

A number of gastric lesions may present as polyps; however, the term polyp is usually used to indicate a benign epithelial tumor (Marshak and Lindner l97l).

In 2420 double-contrast radiographic studies of the stomach Gordon et al (l980) encountered polyps in 38 (1.6 %). Most were of an inflammatory or hyperplastic nature; none was associated with gastric malignancy. Solitary polyps tended to occur in the "antrum", while multiple polyps (usually 2 or 3) were more often located in the gastric fornix and body. Two-thirds were less than 1.0cm in diameter, only one being larger than 2.0cm; most were sessile and could not be removed by a snare. The surrounding mucosa was either normal or showed evidence of acute or chronic gastritis. However, Laxen et al (l983), in a study of 183 patients with gastric polyps, found epithelial dysplasia and increased prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in most.

The following case shows interesting features:

Case Report

Case 36.1. W.V.W., 46 year old male, presented with vague upper abdominal symptoms. Cholecystectomy had been done 3 years previously. Radiographic examination showed a round, polyp-like lesion 1.5cm in diameter and surrounded by a circular mucosal fold, in the centre of the pyloric sphincteric cylinder (Fig 36.1A). Cyclical contractions of the cylinder were normal; during contraction the polyp moved in an orad direction, and with maximal contraction it was located approximately 2.0cm more orally (Fig 36.1B). Gastroscopy confirmed the presence of a benign, sessile polyp; histologically the mucosa was normal. At gastrostomy the polyp could not be located. Follow-up radiography and gastroscopy 3 years later showed it to be unchanged.

A
BFig. 36.1 A,B. Case W.V.W. A Round, sessile, benign polyp (arrowed) in centre of pyloric sphincteric cylinder. B Near maximal contraction of sphincteric cylinder. The polyp (arrowed) has moved in an orad direction

In a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a pair of sessile mucosal polyps in the pyloric sphincteric cylinder also moved in an orad direction during contraction of the cylinder.


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